Cackling Goose -- Canada Goose Subspecies Identification Indicators

by Harry Krueger

REFERENCES

Banks, R.C., C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz. 2004. Forty-fifth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 121:985-995.

Delicour, J. 1951. Preliminary note on the taxonomy of Canada Geese, Branta canadensis. Am. Mus. Novitates 1537.

Delicour, J. 1954. The Waterfowl of the World, vol. 1. Country Life Ltd., London.

Deuel, B. 2004. Featured photo: Preliminary notes on the identification of Cackling and Canada Geese. Western Birds 35:181-184.

Johnson, D.H., Timm, D.E., and Springer, P.F. 1979. Morphological characteristics of Canada Geese in the Pacific Flyway, in Management and Biology of Pacific Flyway Geese (R.L. Javis and J.C. Bartonek, eds.), pp. 56-76. Oregon State University Bookstores, Corvallis.

Leafloor, J.O., C.D. Ankney, and D.H. Rusch. 1998. Environmental effects on body size of Canada Geese. Auk 115:26-33.

Madge, S., and H. Burn. 1988. Waterfowl: An identification guide to the ducks, geese, and swans of the world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

Mowbray, T.B., C.R. Ely, J.S. Sedinger, and R.E. Trost. 2002. Canada Goose (Branta canadensis). In The Birds of North America, No. 682 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

National Geographic Society. 2002. Field Guide to the Birds of North America, 4th ed., Washington, D.C.

Palmer, R.S., ed. 1976. Handbook of North American Birds; volume 2, Waterfowl (Part 1). Yale University Press.

Sibley, D.A. 2000. National Audubon Society The Sibley Guide to Birds. Chanticleer Press, NY.

Stackhouse, M. 2004. “The New Goose -- Canada / Cackling Goose Split." UtahBirds. < http://www.utahbirds.org/RecCom/NewGoose.htm >.

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